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Carotenoids are secondary metabolite responsible for colored pigments in plants and microbes (Li et al., 2022). They are a class of C40 tetraterpenoids consisting of eight isoprenoid units, and can be classified into carotenes and xanthophylls on the basis of their functional groups (Saini et al., 2015). Carotenes can be linear (phytoene, phytofluene, and ζ-carotene) or branched (β-carotene and α-carotene). Xanthophylls comprise β,β-xanthophylls (β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthins, and neoxanthin) and β,ε-xanthophylls (α-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and lutein). Citrus fruits are complex sources of carotenoids, which are the principal pigments responsible for the typical orange color of most types (Chen, 2020). The difference in total carotenoid content and the diversity of carotenoid isomer proportion also accounts for other colors of citrus fruits, such as yellow, red, and pink (Chen, 2020).
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Citrus/metabolism , Carotenoids , Xanthophylls , Lutein/metabolism , Zeaxanthins/metabolism , FruitABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of miRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) and metadherin (MTDH) on the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of human breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods:The expression of MTDH in cancer and paracancerous tissues of 112 breast cancer patients in the database and miR-30a-5p in cancer and paracancerous tissues of 103 breast cancer patients in the database were analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miR-30a-5p and MTDH in 1 222 breast cancer patients in the database; the data were updated to August 2022. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into negative control group (transfected with negative control sequence), miR-30a-5p overexpression group (transfected with miR-30a-5p mimics), siMTDH group [transfected with small interfering RNA against MTDH (siMTDH)], siMTDH+miR-30a-5p overexpression group (transfected with both siMTDH and miR-30a-5p mimics); cell proliferation ability was detected by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay, cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay. The relative expressions of miR-30a-5p, MTDH, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, vimentin and β-catenin mRNA in cells were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the expressions of MTDH, N-cadherin (N-cad), β-catenin, Snail and MMP-9 proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results:In the TCGA database, MTDH expression level was higher and miR-30a-5p expression level was lower in breast cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between MTDH and miR-30a-5p expressions in 1 222 patients with breast cancer ( r=-0.134, P < 0.001). Compared with the negative control group, the cell proliferation ability was reduced in both siMTDH group and miR-30a-5p overexpression group at 24, 48 and 72 h (all P < 0.001). The cell scratch healing rate in miR-30a-5p overexpression group and siMTDH group was lower than that in negative control group [(61.6±1.6)%, (54.7±5.9)% vs. (80.3±3.0)%] (both P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, The number of migrated cells in miR-30a-5p overexpression group and siMTDH group was less than that in negative control group (881±50, 725±63 vs. 1 172±66) (both P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the relative expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, vimentin and β-catenin mRNA were all down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells of miR-30a-5p overexpression group and siMTDH group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the relative expressions of N-cad, β-catenin, Snail and MMP-9 proteins were down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells of miR-30a-5p overexpression group and siMTDH group (all P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the number of migrated MDA-MB-231 cells between siMTDH+miR-30a-5p overexpression group and siMTDH group (476±5 vs. 389±46, t = 3.37, P = 0.078). There was no statistical difference in the number of migrated cells between siMTDH+miR-30a-5p overexpression group and miR-30a-5p overexpression group (476±5 vs. 477±22, t = 0.02, P = 0.983). Conclusions:The expression of miR-30a-5p is negatively correlated with the expression of MTDH in breast cancer tissues, and either overexpression of miR-30a-5p or silence of MTDH in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but MTDH may not be a target gene of miR-30a-5p.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people aged 60 and over, and also to compare the discrepancies between self-reported hearing loss and hearing loss diagnosed via audiometry.Methods:Subjects were from the Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for the Elderly in China(PINDEC)project.By using the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 10 347 residents aged 60 years and over were selected from 12 counties and districts in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces and hearing function assessment was performed in 2020 through otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and questionnaires.Hearing loss(HL)was defined by the World Health Organization criteria.Self-reported hearing loss was assessed by asking participants whether they had difficulty in hearing.The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the differences in HL between different groups.The multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to assess factors influencing HL. Results:In 2020, the prevalence of HL among the elderly aged 60 and older in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces was 69.8%(95% CI: 68.9%-70.7%). The prevalence of HL in men was higher than that in women, and increased gradually with age.The prevalence of mild HL was 47.2%, and the prevalence of moderate, severe and profound HL were 18.0%, 3.6% and 0.9%, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors positively correlated with HL were aging, male sex, living in rural areas and working in manual labor.Education level was negatively correlated with HL.Of the 7223 participants who were found to have HL, 5106(70.7%)self-reported having good hearing.Those of a younger age, with a higher educational achievement, having a spouse, or with mild HL were more likely to report having good hearing(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hearing loss is quite prevalent among community-dwelling older people, and there is a large discrepancy in prevalence between self-reported HL and HL diagnosed via audiometry.Screening and comprehensive intervention for hearing loss for the elderly should be strengthened.
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Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and the treatment effect is poor. The current treatment plan is still surgery-based comprehensive treatment, and multidisciplinary combined therapy is currently the main mode of liver cancer treatment. With the increased number of new technologies and methods of liver cancer treatment being applied clinically, the prognosis of liver cancer patients has significantly improved. This article explains the selection mechanism for optimal individualized combined treatment plans to improve the curative effect of liver cancer treatment based on the different conditions of liver cancer patients and types of liver cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutation and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (AdCC).Methods:A total of 12 cases of AdCC samples archived at Linyi Cancer Hospital from January 2008 to December 2021 were collected, including 8 cases of classic adenoid cystic carcinoma (C-AdCC) and 4 cases of solid-basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma (SB-AdCC). Histomorphology, immunohistochemicstry and molecular genetics were performed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of AdCC.Results:C-AdCC patients grew in the shape of beam-tubuler and cribriform architecture, with characteristic structures of true and pseudoadenoid lumen; SB-AdCC patients grew in nests and solid, with moderate to severe atypia, necrosis and high mitotic count. Immunohistochemistry showed that CK7, CK5/6, p63 and S-100 were expressed in 8 cases of C-AdCC, and CD117 and CD10 were diffusely expressed in 4 cases of SB-AdCC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that 3 C-AdCC patients had MYB gene break. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed NOTCH1 gene mutation was detected in 2 SB-AdCC patients. No lymph node metastasis was observed in 8 patients with C-AdCC, but 2 had postoperative lymph node metastasis in 4 patients with SB-AdCC.Conclusions:C-AdCC mainly grows in beam-tubular and sieve shape, with low-grade atypia and good prognosis. Some cases have MYB-NFIB fusion gene. SB-AdCC mainly shows nest-mass, solid growth, moderate to severe atypia, necrosis and mitosis (>5/10 high power field) as well as poor prognosis; some patients have NOTCH1 gene mutation.
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@#This article summarizes and analyzes the reported synthetic routes of brivudine in patent and literature.2′-Deoxyuridine was employed as starting material, affording brivudine through iodization, heck coupling, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, bromination and recrystallization.After optimization of reaction conditions of each step, a synthetic route suitable for industrial production was achieved with simple synthetic process, high yield and excellent purity.
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Objective To compare genomic copy number variations (CNVs) among different subtypes of breast cancer and analyze specific CNVs in each subtype. Methods AIMS software was used for genotype breast cancer (BasL, Her2, LumA and LumB), and GISTIC2.0 software was used to analyze genome-wide CNVs in tumor tissues from TCGA. We collected and analyzed the information and samples of 324 cases of invasive breast cancer admitted to Jiangmen Central Hospital(JMCH). Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the CNV of ERBB2, TFDP1, MIR148B, CCND1, MDM2 and MIR139 genes in the tumor tissues, to verify TCGA analysis. Results 13q34 was specifically amplified and 12q13.13 was specifically deleted in BasL-type breast cancer. The 17q12 was specifically amplified in Her2 type. The 12q15 was specifically amplified and 11q13.4 was specifically deleted in LumB type, but LumA type had no specific amplification or deletion of chromosome region. The proportion of TFDP1 amplification or MIR148B deletion in BasL type were 57.8% (TCGA) and 71.4% (JMCH), which were significantly higher than other subtypes (P < 0.001). The proportion of ERBB2 amplification of Her2 type were 55.2% (TCGA) and 86.7% (JMCH), which were significantly higher than other subtypes (P < 0.001). The proportion of LumB type with CCND1 or MDM2 amplification or MIR139 deletion were 47.6% (TCGA) and 61.8% (JMCH), which were significantly higher than other subtypes (P < 0.05). Conclusion At the CNV level of breast cancer, Her2 type is characterized by the amplification of ERBB2, BasL type is characterized by the amplification of TFDP1 or the deletion of MIR148B, LumB type is characterized by the amplification of CCND1 or MDM2 or the deletion of MIR139, but LumA type lacks specific CNV characteristics.
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Objective:In this study, we compared the funding rates of applicants who participated in the expert preliminary counseling with those who did not, to explore the role of the expert preliminary counseling in improving the funding rate of the National Natural Science Fund, so as to provide further reference for the management of scientific research.Methods:Statistical methods was used to analyze relevant data from 2012 to 2019 to compare the approval and funding rate of the applicants that participated in and did not participate in the expert preliminary counseling using.Results:From 2012 to 2019, the proportion of funded applicants in the expert preliminary counselling group was 30.45%, and the overall funding rate was 18.51%. Under the same research basis, the funding rate of the group was 29.91%, which was significantly higher than the group did not participate in the expert preliminary counselling (funding rare: 13.59%, P<0.001). Conclusions:We should pay more attention to and participate actively in the expert preliminary counselling, which can increase the quality of the projects and improve their funding rate significantly.
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Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of computed tomography (CT), clinical manifestations and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid test results for the screening and diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia.Methods:The clinical data of suspected cases with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) visited fever clinic or stayed in emergency room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 23 to February 9, 2020 were collected. Totally 274 cases who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Four screening schemes including chest CT screening, scoring, chest CT and scoring series screening, chest CT and scoring parallel screening were designed. The statistical analysis was performed by using chi-square test. The sensitivities, specificities and the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the four screening schemes were calculated, and the diagnostic efficacies were evaluated.Results:Among the 274 cases, 93.80%(257/274) presented with typical clinical symptoms, 47.81%(131/274) had epidemiological history, and the blood routine examination results of 45.26%(124/274) cases met the positive criteria of the scoring , and chest CT results of 43.07%(118/274) cases met the positive criteria of chest CT screening. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test positive rate of cases with epidemiological history was 30.53%(40/131), which was higher than that of cases without epidemiological history (9.09%(13/143)), and that of cases with typical imaging performance on chest CT was 40.68%(48/118), which was higher than cases without typical imaging performance (3.21%(5/156)). The differences between the above groups were both statistically significant ( χ2=20.150、60.468, respectively, both P<0.01). The positive rates of viral nucleic acid detection in cases with positive findings of chest CT screening, scoring, series screening, and parallel screening were 40.68%(48/118), 23.74%(47/198), 44.68%(42/94) and 23.87%(53/222), respectively, while those in cases with negative findings of the four screening schemes were 3.20%(5/156), 7.89%(6/76), 6.11%(11/180) and 0(0/52), respectively. The positive rates of the four screening schemes were all significantly different from that of viral nucleic acid detection ( κ=0.402, 0.100, 0.431, 0.106, all P<0.01). The chest CT screening method had a sensitivity of 90.57%and a specificity of 68.33%, and an area under the operating characteristic curve of the subject was 0.794, which had higher diagnostic value than those of the other three screening schemes. Conclusions:For the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 cases, epidemiological history, positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test with ≥2 typical clinical manifestations have highly diagnostic value. On the basis of the preliminary screening of chest CT examination, flexible analysis of the diagnostic results could improve the diagnostic value of each detection method.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence and disease burden of major chronic diseases in the elderly in China and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and for the rational allocation of health resources.@*Methods@#We analyzed the prevalence of chronic diseases in residents aged ≥60 years in China by using national and provincial surveillance data of chronic diseases and related risk factors in China. We conducted the analysis on the burden of chronic diseases in the elderly in China by using the data of global burden of disease.@*Results@#The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were 58.3%, 19.4% and 10.5% respectively in residents aged ≥60 years in China. Up to 75.8% of the residents aged ≥60 years had at least one chronic disease. The prevalence rate was higher in women than in men, higher in urban area than in rural area. With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of chronic diseases also increased. The top three chronic diseases with heavy disease burden in residents aged ≥70 years were stroke, myocardial infarction, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of major chronic diseases in the elderly is high with three quarters of the elderly suffering from at least one chronic disease, and the burden of chronic diseases is increasing.
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Objective@#To analyze the decline of activities of daily living (ADL) ability and influencing factors over a period of 2 years in community-dwelling older adults in China.@*Methods@#The study subjects were from the project of Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China of 2015-2017 to select the samples. In 2015, a total of 23 803 community- dwelling residents adults, aged ≥60 years old, came from both urban and rural areas, were selected through a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in 6 provinces and joint baseline survey. The follow-up was conducted in 2017 to collect the related information using the same questionnaires and examinations. Finally, 18 785 elderly people were included in this analysis after excluding those who were died, failed to follow up, had incomplete data cases or defined as ADL disability at baseline survey. The post-stratification weight on the sample data was done by using the 6th national population census data as the standard, the rates of ADL/basic activities of daily living (BADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disabilities over 2 years were calculated and compared among the elderly with different characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with BADL/IADL disabilities.@*Results@#During the 2-year follow-up, ADL disability developed in 1 959 participants with a rate of 12.0% (1.6% for BADL disability and 10.4% for IADL disability only). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for BADL disability included increased age, obesity, comorbidity and cognitive impairment. The risk factors for only IADL disability included increased age, being female, lower weight and cognitive impairment. Compared with illiterates, the educated had lower risk for only IADL disability. Compared with those with normal weight, overweight and obese old people had lower risk for only IADL disabilities.@*Conclusion@#Increased age and cognitive impairment were associated with the increased risk for BADL and IADL disabilities. Older people with comorbidities had higher risk for BADL disability. Obesity increased the risk of BADL disability, but decreased the risk for IADL disability in older people. Women had a higher risk for IADL disability compared with men. Being educated was associated with lower risk of IADL disability.
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Objective@#To investigate the disability status and its epidemiological characteristics in the elderly in urban and rural communities in China.@*Methods@#The participants were from the project of Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China conducted in 2015. A total of 23 803 urban and rural residents aged over 60 years were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in 6 provinces for a set of standardized questionnaire interview and physical examinations. Activities of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the disability status of the elderly. χ2 test was used to analyze the difference in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disabilities in different elderly populations. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors for disability.@*Results@#Taking bath had the highest impairment rate (1.7%) while eating had the lowest impairment rate (0.6%) in BADL. Making phone call had the highest impairment rate (16.6%), followed by taking bus (5.5%) and taking medicine (1.8%) in IADL. The BADL and IADL disability rates in community seniors were 2.1% and 19.1%, respectively. BADL disability rate was higher in females, the widowed, illiterate, the elderly with low body weight or obesity (P<0.05). IADL disability rate was higher in females, rural residents, the widowed, the elderly with lower educational level or lower body weight (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that risk for BADL disability increased with age and abnormal BMI, and decreased with the increase of education level. The risk factors for IADL disability included being female, age, rural residence, being widowed and low BMI. The risk for IADL disability was lower in those with higher education level and overweight or obesity.@*Conclusion@#The present study showed that the disability rate was high in the elderly in China, which was influenced by the aging and multi demographic characteristics of the elderly. It is important to strengthen the prevention of BADL and IADL disabilities and intervention in the elderly.
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Objective@#To explore the long-term effect of neuroendoscopy followed by radiotherapy on cystic craniopharyngiomas.@*Methods@#Cystic craniopharyngiomas in 9 patients were treated with neuroendoscopic cyst aspiration and fenestration, followed by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). The neuroendoscopic procedure focused on widening of cyst fenestration and extensive irrigation of the cyst contents. The collimator of FSRT ranged from 2.5 cm to 3.0 cm, and the target volume 1.1-43.8 cm3, dose per fraction 1.8 Gy, total dose 50.4 Gy.@*Results@#The median follow-up period was 72.9 months. Tumor control was achieved in 8 of 9 patients. Marked tumor volume reduction was obtained with the neuroendoscopic procedure alone at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. One recurrent case showed multilobulated cysts, and a second surgery was required 1 year after the treatment. Clinical symptoms such as headache and visual disruption were rapidly alleviated after the neuroendoscopic procedure. No new visual disturbances, endocrinopathy, or hypothalamic dysfunction was observed during follow up.@*Conclusions@#Stereotactic radiotherapy for cystic craniopharyngioma after endoscopic fenestration can effectively control the tumor for a long period of time, improve the clinical symptoms and avoid endocrine diseases.
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Objective To determine the effect of a motor-specific neurotrophic factor,glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on motor nerve regeneration.Methods We used a nerve conduit filled with a fibrin-based delivery system that provided controlled release of GDNF during nerve regeneration.The motor branch of the rat femoral nerve was used to assess motor nerve regeneration across a 5-mm gap.Four experimental groups (n =5) were evaluated.These included GDNF with the fibrin-based delivery system (GDNFDS group),fibrin alone(fibrin group),empty conduit (negative control group),and nerve isograft (positive control group).Nerves were harvested at 5 weeks for analysis by histomorphometry and electron microscopy.Results At 5 mm distal to the conduit or isografts,the GDNF-DS group was not significantly different from the nerve isograft group in the following histomorphometric measures:total nerve fibers,percentage of neural tissue,and nerve density.The number of nerve fibers (respectively:1 744 ± 274,1 481 ± 288)and the percentage of nerve tissue [(14.2 ± 3.9) ％,(11.0 ± 2.2) ％] in theisograft group and the GDNFDS group were significantly higher than that in the fibrin group and the empty conduit group [(respectively:538 ± 93,535 ± 96) and the percentage of nerve tissue respectively:(4.3 ± 1.6) ％,(3.7 ± 0.9) ％].There were no differences in fiber width among all groups.By electron microscopy,the GDNF-DS and isograft groups also demonstrated more organized nerve architecture than the fibrin alone and empty conduit groups.Conclusions The delivery of GDNF from the fibrin-based delivery system promotes motor nerve regeneration at a level similar to an isograft in the femoral motor nerve model.This study gives insight into the potential beneficial role of GDNF in the treatment of motor nerve injuries.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of blood lipid level and cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms, and their correlation. Meth-ods Seventy inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia were enrolled in the hospital. Their psychiatric symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale ( PANSS). They were divided into two groups: positive symptoms group with 42 patients and negative symptoms group with 28 patients. All patients were assessed with the Chinese version of the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia consensus cognitive battery (MCCB). The differences and characteristics of cognitive function between the two groups were compared. Body mass index (BMI),serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were recorded at admission,and the results were compared between the two groups. The correlation between cognitive assessment scores and metabolic indicators intra groups were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis. Results The scores of trail making test( TMT), brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia-symbol encoding(BACS),Hopkins verbal learning test,maze and continuous performance test-identical pairs ( CPT-IP) in positive group (( 27. 13 ± 6. 89), ( 32. 97 ± 13. 69),(35. 70 ± 7. 52),(32. 63 ± 4. 59),( 33. 35 ± 11. 10)) were higher than those in negative group ((12. 90±14. 72),(19. 90±11. 98),(25. 80±5. 44),( 27. 50±5. 20),( 19. 89±11. 29),all P<0. 05). In terms of BMI and lipid metabolism indicators,the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the negative group ((5. 03± 1. 42),( 3. 04 ± 1. 18)) were higher than those in the positive group ((4. 18± 0. 78),(2. 45±0. 64)),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In negative group,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with the scores of TMT ( r=-0. 469,-0. 751),BACS( r=-0. 517,-0. 538) and CPT-IP ( r=-0. 495,-0. 542) in cognitive function(all P<0. 05). Conclusion First-episode schizophrenia patients with positive and negative symptoms have similar lesion dimensions in cognitive function, but patients with negative symptoms are more severely impaired. There are differences in lipid metabolism between first-episode schizophrenia patients with positive dominant symptoms and negative dominant symptoms,and the lipid metabolism of first-episode schizophrenia patients with negative dominant symptoms is related to cognitive function.
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Objective To explore the long-term effect of neuroendoscopy followed by radiotherapy on cystic craniopharyngiomas.Methods Cystic craniopharyngiomas in 9 patients were treated with neuroendoscopic cyst aspiration and fenestration,followed by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT).The neuroendoscopic procedure focused on widening of cyst fenestration and extensive irrigation of the cyst contents.The collimator of FSRT ranged from 2.5 cm to 3.0 cm,and the target volume 1.1-43.8 cm3,dose per fraction 1.8 Gy,total dose 50.4 Gy.Results The median follow-up period was 72.9 months.Tumor control was achieved in 8 of 9 patients.Marked tumor volume reduction was obtained with the neuroendoscopic procedure alone at 6 months,1 year,and 2 years.One recurrent case showed multilobulated cysts,and a second surgery was required 1 year after the treatment.Clinical symptoms such as headache and visual disruption were rapidly alleviated after the neuroendoscopic procedure.No new visual disturbances,endocrinopathy,or hypothalamic dysfunction was observed during follow up.Conclusions Stereotactic radiotherapy for cystic craniopharyngioma after endoscopic fenestration can effectively control the tumor for a long period of time,improve the clinical symptoms and avoid endocrine diseases.
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Objective@#To determine the effect of a motor-specific neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on motor nerve regeneration.@*Methods@#We used a nerve conduit filled with a fibrin-based delivery system that provided controlled release of GDNF during nerve regeneration. The motor branch of the rat femoral nerve was used to assess motor nerve regeneration across a 5-mm gap. Four experimental groups (n=5) were evaluated. These included GDNF with the fibrin-based delivery system (GDNF-DS group), fibrin alone(fibrin group), empty conduit (negative control group), and nerve isograft (positive control group). Nerves were harvested at 5 weeks for analysis by histomorphometry and electron microscopy.@*Results@#At 5 mm distal to the conduit or isografts, the GDNF-DS group was not significantly different from the nerve isograft group in the following histomorphometric measures: total nerve fibers, percentage of neural tissue, and nerve density. The number of nerve fibers (respectively: 1 744±274 , 1 481±288) and the percentage of nerve tissue [(14.2±3.9)%, (11.0±2.2)%] in theisograft group and the GDNF-DS group were significantly higher than that in the fibrin group and the empty conduit group [(respectively: 538±93, 535±96) and the percentage of nerve tissue respectively: (4.3±1.6)%, (3.7±0.9)%]. There were no differences in fiber width among all groups. By electron microscopy, the GDNF-DS and isograft groups also demonstrated more organized nerve architecture than the fibrin alone and empty conduit groups.@*Conclusions@#The delivery of GDNF from the fibrin-based delivery system promotes motor nerve regeneration at a level similar to an isograft in the femoral motor nerve model. This study gives insight into the potential beneficial role of GDNF in the treatment of motor nerve injuries.
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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of blood lipid level and cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms, and their correlation.@*Methods@#Seventy inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia were enrolled in the hospital.Their psychiatric symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). They were divided into two groups: positive symptoms group with 42 patients and negative symptoms group with 28 patients.All patients were assessed with the Chinese version of the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia consensus cognitive battery (MCCB). The differences and characteristics of cognitive function between the two groups were compared.Body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were recorded at admission, and the results were compared between the two groups.The correlation between cognitive assessment scores and metabolic indicators intra groups were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis.@*Results@#The scores of trail making test(TMT), brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia-symbol encoding(BACS), Hopkins verbal learning test, maze and continuous performance test-identical pairs(CPT-IP) in positive group((27.13±6.89), (32.97±13.69), (35.70±7.52), (32.63±4.59), (33.35±11.10)) were higher than those in negative group ((12.90±14.72), (19.90±11.98), (25.80±5.44), (27.50±5.20), (19.89±11.29), all P<0.05). In terms of BMI and lipid metabolism indicators, the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the negative group ((5.03±1.42), (3.04±1.18)) were higher than those in the positive group ((4.18±0.78), (2.45±0.64)), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In negative group, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with the scores of TMT(r=-0.469, -0.751), BACS(r=-0.517, -0.538) and CPT-IP(r=-0.495, -0.542) in cognitive function(all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#First-episode schizophrenia patients with positive and negative symptoms have similar lesion dimensions in cognitive function, but patients with negative symptoms are more severely impaired.There are differences in lipid metabolism between first-episode schizophrenia patients with positive dominant symptoms and negative dominant symptoms, and the lipid metabolism of first-episode schizophrenia patients with negative dominant symptoms is related to cognitive function.
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Serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI polymorphisms were detected in 200 single full-term pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital during 2016 to 2018. The newborns with birth weight<2500 g were diagnosed as fetal growth restriction (FGR), there were 100 cases in FGR group and 100 cases in control group. The average level of vitamin D in pregnant women in FGR group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(30.1±10.9) vs. (36.1±15.8) nmol/L, P<0.05]. In the FGR group, the birth weight of infants in mother carrying ff genotype was significantly lower than that in mother carrying Ff and FF genotypes [(2073±90) g vs. (2242±122) g and (2349±96) g, P<0.05]. Pregnant women carrying Ff and FF genotypes had lower risk of FGR than those of carrying ff genotype (ORFf=0.31, 95％ CI: 0.17-0.76; ORFF=0.28, 95％CI: 0.11-0.46). The pregnant women with serum 25(OH)D level>30 nmol/L carrying F allele (FF+Ff) were set as reference, the risk of FGR in pregnant women with serum 25 (OH)D level ≤ 30 nmol/L carrying ff genotype was increased (OR=6.14, 95％CI: 2.13-13.23). The polymorphism of VDR gene FokI may be associated with the occurrence of FGR. In the case of vitamin D deficiency, the influence of ff genotype on FGR is more tangible.
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Objective@#To explore the influencing factors affecting the cognitive impairment of the elderly population in China.@*Methods@#A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used in 6 provinces (autonomous administrative regions and municipalities) to select the sample. A total 24 000 urban and rural residents aged 60 years and above received a set of standardized questionnaire interview, physical examinations, laboratory test of lipid and glucose levels of blood and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. The primary screening of cognitive function was assessed by using the Chinese Version of Ascertain Dementia 8, and then suspicious cognitive impairment cases with more than two abnormal results would receive the further cognitive function assessment by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 1 300 cases with cognitive impairment and 2 600 controls without cognitive impairment were recruited and matched according to their age, gender and resident area in a 1∶2 case-control study. The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between relevant factors and cognitive impairment.@*Results@#Factors negatively associated with cognitive impairment and their OR (95%CI) values were primary or middle school as 0.63 (0.51-0.77), high school and above as 0.59 (0.39-0.88), daily neighborhood communication as 0.61 (0.50-0.75), weekly participating in social activities 0.59 (0.44-0.79), daily tea drinking as 0.71 (0.58-0.88) and doing regular exercise as 0.71 (0.57-0.88), reading newspaper (occasional: 0.50 (0.37-0.67); frequent: 0.40 (0.28-0.57)), playing majiang or cards (occasional: 0.51 (0.34-0.74); frequent: 0.50 (0.36-0.68)) respectively. Factors positively associated with cognitive impairment and their OR (95%CI) values were APOE-ε4 heterozygote as 1.31 (1.08-1.58), homozygote as 2.74 (1.52-5.00), diabetes onset before 50 years of age and after as 9.03 (3.07-33.60) and 4.40 (3.18-6.17), stroke as 1.90 (1.35-2.69), asthma as 1.95 (1.11-3.42) respectively.@*Conclusion@#APOE-ε4 alleles, lower educational level, stroke, asthma, diabetes are risk factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Keeping a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases in the whole life course could significantly reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly.